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amino acids

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Protocell Pretensions: The Illusion of Progress in Origin-of-Life Research

This paper contains the imaginative storytelling, speculative leaps, and inflated claims that have become staples of the origin-of-life literature. Read More ›
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Nonsense with “Nanozymes”: New Origin-of-Life Theory Fails to Impress

Yongdong Jin proposes that microscopic particles, which he terms nanozymes, orchestrated many of the major steps in the synthesis of the first cell. Read More ›
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Photo: Active hydrothermal vent, courtesy of Submarine Ring of Fire 2006 Exploration, NOAA Vents Program., Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.

Enzymes in Bacteria and Archaea Are So Dissimilar There Must Be “Two Origins of Life”

Don’t get distracted by wondering how the extreme heat near a vent (a toasty 750° F or more inside the vent) wouldn’t quickly break down organic molecules. Read More ›
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Photo credit: Michal Klajban, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons.

New Paper: Appeals to Evolutionary Plateaus Do Not Save Evolution

In evolution, mutations that increase fitness can be thought of as moving uphill, whereas mutations that decrease fitness can be thought of as moving downhill. Read More ›
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Photo credit: ArnoldReinhold, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons.

20,000 Bots Under the Sea: A Fantastic Voyage into the Cell

Imagine you have been invited to a futuristic discovery center, a facility that has pioneered the ability to shrink people and objects many orders of magnitude. Read More ›
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Teen Caucasian boy smiling with braces and wearing tuxedo for high school prom
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“Peptideins”? Give Those Shorties Another Look

Picture short, lonely bachelors in rented formal wear, leaning on the wall, nervously checking their watches at the annotation dance. Read More ›
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Image source: Gringer, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons.

The Combinatorial Abyss: Why the Genetic Code Defies Chance

It is highly improbable that the genetic code could have evolved by gradual trial and error. Read More ›
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Male construction road worker holding a stop sign and directing traffic on the street. Traffic management
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Stop Signals in Disguise: How the Genetic Code Guards Against Frameshifts

A frameshift mutation occurs as the result of indels (insertions or deletions) of a number of nucleotides that is non-divisible by three. Read More ›
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DNA sequencing result, visualisation. Researches in genetics
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Introducing the Remarkable Genetic Code

The optimization of the genetic code for error minimization is made possible by the redundancy of the code. What is meant by redundancy? Read More ›
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The Set of Amino Acids Used in Life Is No “Frozen Accident”

Significantly, these data indicate that the space of usable amino acids is severely constrained. Read More ›

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