Science and Culture Today Discovering Design in Nature
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lobsters

Hul_-_Crocodylus_rhombifer_-_2
Photo: Cuban crocodile, by Emőke Dénes, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons.

Get Smart: Recognizing Reptile Intelligence

Mammals, birds, and reptiles all developed different smart survival strategies on their own. It sounds like convergent evolution or intelligent design. Read More ›
lobster
Photo credit: David Clode via Unsplash.

What Do Animals Feel? And What About Babies?

With human babies, those who propose laws against cruelty suddenly enter a Cold Zone, at least compared to their feelings for crustaceans. Read More ›
lobster
Photo credit: David Clode via Unsplash.

What Does It Mean to Say “Lobsters Are Conscious”?

Much will be learned from a more careful analysis of the behavior of life forms, which will likely turn up many more instances of unexpected sentience. Read More ›
octopus
Photo credit: Sigmund via Unsplash.

Octopus Intelligence Poses Evolutionary Convergence Conundrum

Outstandingly bright — with eyes that strikingly resemble ours — yet their ancestors split from mammals and birds 600 million years ago. Read More ›
Large_brown_mantid_close_up_nohair
Photo: A large brown mantis, via Wikimedia Commons.

Do Invertebrates Have Feelings?

Just as vertebrates differ greatly in intelligence and sentience, invertebrates may differ greatly too. Read More ›
elephant seal
Photo: Elephant seals, San Simeon Beach, by David Coppedge.

The Elephant Seal in the Room

You’ve heard about salmon, whales, and sea turtles. Now learn what the clumsy-looking elephant seal accomplishes navigation-wise. Read More ›
lab rats
Photo: Lab rats, by Jason Snyder from Washington, DC, United States [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons.

Rats! Another Code Found in Whiskers

Neurons in a rat’s whiskers “represent multiple stimulus features in a tiled and continuous manner, thus encoding large regions of a complex sensory space.” Read More ›
crab
Photo credit: Luis Miguel Bugallo Sánchez, CC BY-SA 3.0 <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/>, via Wikimedia Commons.

Can Crabs Think? Can Lobsters Feel?

What about shrimp? Their brains turn out to have memory and learning centers, which has triggered an evolution squabble. Read More ›
golden retriever
Photo credit: Emily Rusch via Unsplash.

Many “Miracles”: Navigation Arose Independently Across Diverse Animal Species

From sea turtles to the family dog, animals travel unerringly over long distances using geophysical cues. And it all evolved, independently, by chance! Believe that? Read More ›
Bathocyroe_fosteri 2

Design in the First Animals

Scientists debate whether ctenophores are the earliest animals to appear in the Cambrian explosion. If so, they arrived with multiple tissues, a nervous system, and a digestive system. Read More ›

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