How can a trigonometric mathematical computation be programmed into the brain of an ant through a neo-Darwinian process of genetic mutation and natural selection? Read More ›
It typically takes up to three generations of butterflies to make the complete journey. This means that the navigation information is genetically programmed. Read More ›
While these theories may appear reasonable, given the complexity of the behavior it is unclear how a Darwinian process can be a plausible explanation. Read More ›
Complex programmed behaviors are evident throughout the animal kingdom, but in these pages the focus will primarily be on less advanced animals. Read More ›
