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plant galls

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Photo: Agamous generation of red-pea gall of gall wasp Cynips divisa on oak leaf, by Wolf-Ekkehard Lönnig.

Do Plant Galls Falsify Darwinism?

Charles Darwin was profoundly interested in plant galls, and Darwin himself proposed the challenge these and other forms may pose to his ideas. Read More ›
Red-pea gall
Red-pea gall of gall wasp Cynips divisa (agamous generation) on oak leaf. In the autumn the galls turn brownish. The hole in the gall (below) indicates that the gall wasp has already left its home. Others leave it in springtime.

Plant Galls and Evolution: A Neglected Study

In my new contribution, I restrict myself to important facets of the historical side of plant gall research. Read More ›
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Agamous generation of red-pea gall of gall wasp Cynips divisa on oak leaf. Photograph by W-E L (14 June 2020 in Cologne).

Plant Galls, Evolution, and Intelligent Design

Complex structures of thousands of species have been formed for the exclusive good of other species, annihilating Darwin’s theory on his own terms. Read More ›

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