Science and Culture Today Discovering Design in Nature
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exothermic life

honey bee
Photo credit: Wolfgang Hasselmann via Unsplash.

What Do Bees’ Joy and Pain Really Tell Us About Insect Minds?

Efforts to relate insect to human consciousness are doomed because the distinguishing features of human consciousness are abstract thinking and moral choice. Read More ›
earthworm
Photo: An earthworm, Swifts Creek, Victoria, by Fir0002/Flagstaffotos.

Evolutionary Psychologist Argues that Worms Feel Pain. But How?

Wait. Barash’s hypothesis overlooks the fact that suffering is more than an alarm system. An alarm could be going off in an empty building. Read More ›

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